在postgresql中通过命令行执行sql文件
通过命令行执行初始化sql脚本是比较常见的需求，命令行下执行如下操作即可：
若是执行的命名只是创建用户，编辑用户，创建数据库的话可以不指定-d参数。
psql -U username -d myDataBase -a -f init.sql
如果是远程数据库加入-h参数指定主机地址即可
psql -h host -U username -d myDataBase -a -f init.sql
补充：PostgreSQL操作-psql基本命令
一、建立数据库连接
接入PostgreSQL数据库: psql -h IP地址 -p 端口 -U 数据库名
之后会要求输入数据库密码
二、访问数据库
1、列举数据库：\l
2、选择数据库：\c 数据库名
3、查看该某个库中的所有表：\dt
4、切换数据库：\c interface
5、查看某个库中的某个表结构：\d 表名
6、查看某个库中某个表的记录：select * from apps limit 1;
7、显示字符集：\encoding
8、退出psgl：\q
列出当前数据库所有表
\dt列出表名
SELECT tablename FROM pg_tables; WHERE tablename NOT LIKE 'pg%' AND tablename NOT LIKE 'sql_%' ORDER BY tablename;
列出数据库名
\l或
SELECT datname FROM pg_database;
切换数据库
\c 数据库名
1、通过命令行查询
\d 数据库 —— 得到所有表的名字
\d 表名 —— 得到表结构
2、通过SQL语句查询
"select * from pg_tables"
—— 得到当前db中所有表的信息（这里pg_tables是系统视图）
"select tablename from pg_tables where schemaname='public'"
—— 得到所有用户自定义表的名字（这里"tablename"字段是表的名字，"schemaname"是schema的名字。用户自定义的表，如果未经特殊处理，默认都是放在名为public的schema下）
General
\copyright show PostgreSQL usage and distribution terms
\g [FILE] or ; execute query (and send results to file or |pipe)
\h [NAME] help on syntax of SQL commands, * for all commands
\q quit psql
Query Buffer
\e [FILE] [LINE] edit the query buffer (or file) with external editor
\ef [FUNCNAME [LINE]] edit function definition with external editor
\p show the contents of the query buffer
\r reset (clear) the query buffer
\s [FILE] display history or save it to file
\w FILE write query buffer to file
Input/Output
\copy ... perform SQL COPY with data stream to the client host
\echo [STRING] write string to standard output
\i FILE execute commands from file
\o [FILE] send all query results to file or |pipe
\qecho [STRING] write string to query output stream (see \o)
Informational
(options: S = show system objects, + = additional detail)
\d[S+] list tables, views, and sequences
\d[S+] NAME describe table, view, sequence, or index
\da[S] [PATTERN] list aggregates
\db[+] [PATTERN] list tablespaces
\dc[S] [PATTERN] list conversions
\dC [PATTERN] list casts
\dd[S] [PATTERN] show comments on objects
\ddp [PATTERN] list default privileges
\dD[S] [PATTERN] list domains
\det[+] [PATTERN] list foreign tables
\des[+] [PATTERN] list foreign servers
\deu[+] [PATTERN] list user mappings
\dew[+] [PATTERN] list foreign-data wrappers
\df[antw][S+] [PATRN] list [only agg/normal/trigger/window] functions
\dF[+] [PATTERN] list text search configurations
\dFd[+] [PATTERN] list text search dictionaries
\dFp[+] [PATTERN] list text search parsers
\dFt[+] [PATTERN] list text search templates
\dg[+] [PATTERN] list roles
\di[S+] [PATTERN] list indexes
\dl list large objects, same as \lo_list
\dL[S+] [PATTERN] list procedural languages
\dn[S+] [PATTERN] list schemas
\do[S] [PATTERN] list operators
\dO[S+] [PATTERN] list collations
\dp [PATTERN] list table, view, and sequence access privileges
\drds [PATRN1 [PATRN2]] list per-database role settings
\ds[S+] [PATTERN] list sequences
\dt[S+] [PATTERN] list tables
\dT[S+] [PATTERN] list data types
\du[+] [PATTERN] list roles
\dv[S+] [PATTERN] list views
\dE[S+] [PATTERN] list foreign tables
\dx[+] [PATTERN] list extensions
\l[+] list all databases
\sf[+] FUNCNAME show a function's definition
\z [PATTERN] same as \dp
Formatting
\a toggle between unaligned and aligned output mode
\C [STRING] set table title, or unset if none
\f [STRING] show or set field separator for unaligned query output
\H toggle HTML output mode (currently off)
\pset NAME [VALUE] set table output option
(NAME := {format|border|expanded|fieldsep|footer|null|
numericlocale|recordsep|tuples_only|title|tableattr|pager})
\t [on|off] show only rows (currently off)
\T [STRING] set HTML 
