docker常用命令整理汇总(新手必备!)

目录

• 1、docker的启动、停止、重启
• 2、docker创建一个容器  
• 3、docker启动的容器列表
• 3、查看docker创建的所有容器
• 4、启动、停止、重启某个docker 容器
• 5、查看指定容器的日志记录
• 6、删除某个容器，若正在运行，需要先停止
• 7、删除所有容器
• 附：Docker 如何保存对容器的修改
• 总结

具体docker的优势我就不说了，下面就使用docker的一些常用命令具体详细说下：

1、docker的启动、停止、重启

[root@localhost ~]# service docker restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart docker.service
[root@localhost ~]# service docker stop
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl stop docker.service
[root@localhost ~]# service docker start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start docker.service

2、docker创建一个容器  

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it -v /docker_test:/yufei  --name yufei_6 centos
[root@724e7701f0d4 /]# 

•  -i：允许我们对容器内的 (STDIN) 进行交互
• -t： 在新容器内指定一个伪终端或终端
• -v：是挂在宿机目录， /docker_test是宿机目录，/yufei是当前docker容器的目录，宿机目录必须是绝对的。
• --name：是给容器起一个名字，可省略，省略的话docker会随机产生一个名字

3、docker启动的容器列表

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
724e7701f0d4        centos              "/bin/bash"         4 minutes ago       Up 4 minutes                            yufei_6
f9097691663e        centos              "/bin/bash"         5 minutes ago       Up 5 minutes                            yufei_5
[root@localhost ~]# 

3、查看docker创建的所有容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAMES
724e7701f0d4        centos              "/bin/bash"         5 minutes ago       Up 5 minutes                                      yufei_6
f9097691663e        centos              "/bin/bash"         6 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes                                      yufei_5
e59a540fb979        centos              "/bin/base"         6 minutes ago       Created                                           yufei_4
ff49dfedea4f        centos              "/bin/bash"         2 hours ago         Exited (137) 10 minutes ago                       yufei_03
d2cc70abb5a5        centos              "/bin/bash"         2 hours ago         Exited (127) 2 hours ago                          yufei_02
2d48fc5b7c17        centos              "/bin/bash"         2 hours ago         Exited (127) 2 hours ago                          yufei_01
[root@localhost ~]# 

 docker ps 默认列表是正在启动的容器 -a是显示所有创建的容器

4、启动、停止、重启某个docker 容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker start yufei_01
yufei_01
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop yufei_01
yufei_01
[root@localhost ~]# docker restart yufei_01
yufei_01
[root@localhost ~]# 

5、查看指定容器的日志记录

[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -f yufei_01
[root@2d48fc5b7c17 /]# ls
anaconda-post.log  bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@2d48fc5b7c17 /]# exit
exit
[root@2d48fc5b7c17 /]# ls
anaconda-post.log  bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@2d48fc5b7c17 /]# 
[root@2d48fc5b7c17 /]# 
[root@2d48fc5b7c17 /]# 
[root@2d48fc5b7c17 /]# 
[root@2d48fc5b7c17 /]# 
[root@2d48fc5b7c17 /]# 
[root@2d48fc5b7c17 /]# 
[root@2d48fc5b7c17 /]# cd / 
[root@2d48fc5b7c17 /]# ls
anaconda-post.log  bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@2d48fc5b7c17 /]# mkdir yufei
[root@2d48fc5b7c17 /]# ls
anaconda-post.log  bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var  yufei
[root@2d48fc5b7c17 /]# cd yufei
[root@2d48fc5b7c17 yufei]# ls
yufei
[root@2d48fc5b7c17 yufei]# cd yufei
[root@2d48fc5b7c17 yufei]# ls
application
[root@2d48fc5b7c17 yufei]# cd ../../
[root@2d48fc5b7c17 /]# rm -rf yufei
[root@2d48fc5b7c17 /]# eixt
bash: eixt: command not found
[root@2d48fc5b7c17 /]# exit
exit
[root@2d48fc5b7c17 /]# 

上面红色部分是日志命令部分。

6、删除某个容器，若正在运行，需要先停止

[root@localhost ~]# docker rm yufei_01
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 2d48fc5b7c17b01e6247cbc012013306faf1e54f24651d5e16d6db4e15f92d33. Stop the container before attempting removal or use -f
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop yufei_01
yufei_01
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm yufei_01
yufei_01
[root@localhost ~]# 

7、删除所有容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 724e7701f0d4a830167e21f75b470235a0e408fd6cc2913403426e96f69cba11. Stop the container before attempting removal or use -f
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container f9097691663ee36f9d2ee56afbdcca0eeb8b63e5590ddf18c0c42954c93b9f06. Stop the container before attempting removal or use -f
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop yufei_6
yufei_6
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop yufei_5
yufei_5
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
724e7701f0d4
f9097691663e
[root@localhost ~]# 

附：Docker 如何保存对容器的修改

1、docker ps 查看正在运行的容器.

2、docker exec –it  3bd0eef03413 bash  进入正在运行的容器内

3、进入容器后，就可以修改镜像了，比如修改镜像中已经部署的代码或者安装新的软件或包等，修改完成之后，exit 退出容器

4、docker commit 3bd0eef03413  demo：v1.3  提交你刚才修改的镜像，新的镜像名称为demo，版本为v1.3

总结