nginx正向代理的配置和使用教程
时间：2025-12-11 09:30:04|栏目：其它服务器|点击： 次
目录
- 安装包准备
- 下载nginx安装包
- 下载正向代理模块的包
- 版本与模块对照表
- 部署nginx服务
- 上传nginx包和正向模块包
- 配置正向代理
- 创建nginx用户
- 检查nginx配置并启动
- nginx服务所在服务器验证正向代理功能
- 配置不能访问外网的服务器（即内网服务器）,使其可以访问外网
- liunx服务器配置
- windows服务器配置
- 验证不能访问外网的服务器（即内网服务器）,使用代理上网
nginx正向代理http，nginx正向代理https
- 正向代理，指的是通过代理服务器 代理浏览器/客户端去重定向请求访问到目标服务器 的一种代理服务。正向代理服务的特点是代理服务器 代理的对象是浏览器/客户端，也就是对于目标服务器 来说浏览器/客户端是隐藏的。
- nginx默认支持正向代理http，不支持https
- nginx官方并不支持直接转发https请求，nginx支持https需要ngx_http_proxy_connect_module模块。github上开源了模块 https://github.com/chobits/ngx_http_proxy_connect_module。不过维护的ngx_http_proxy_connect_module模块的补丁也是有nginx版本限制的，需根据自身使用的nginx版本选择相应的正向代理模块。可以在REDEME.md的Select patch中查看nginx版本和模块的对应关系
安装包准备
下载nginx安装包
下载地址
下载正向代理模块的包
下载地址
版本与模块对照表
部署nginx服务
此处使用的是nginx-1.20.2，对应proxy_connect_rewrite_1018.patch
上传nginx包和正向模块包
mkdir /nginx cd /nginx [root@mysql nginx]# ll -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1062124 Feb 12 15:23 nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 57926 Feb 12 15:23 ngx_http_proxy_connect_module-master.zip
解压,改名
tar -xf nginx.tar.gz unzip ngx_http_proxy_connect_module-master.zip ll drwxr-xr-x 9 1001 1001 4096 Feb 12 15:27 nginx-1.20.2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1062124 Feb 12 15:23 nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Feb 9 16:54 ngx_http_proxy_connect_module-master -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 57926 Feb 12 15:23 ngx_http_proxy_connect_module-master.zip mv ngx_http_proxy_connect_module-master ngx_http_proxy_connect_module ll drwxr-xr-x 9 1001 1001 4096 Feb 12 15:27 nginx-1.20.2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1062124 Feb 12 15:23 nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Feb 9 16:54 ngx_http_proxy_connect_module -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 57926 Feb 12 15:23 ngx_http_proxy_connect_module-master.zip
安装nginx
yum -y install make gcc openssl openssl-devel pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel cd nginx-1.20.2 ll drwxr-xr-x 6 1001 1001 4096 Feb 12 15:20 auto -rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 312251 Nov 16 2021 CHANGES -rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 476577 Nov 16 2021 CHANGES.ru drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001 4096 Feb 12 15:20 conf -rwxr-xr-x 1 1001 1001 2590 Nov 16 2021 configure drwxr-xr-x 4 1001 1001 4096 Feb 12 15:20 contrib drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001 4096 Feb 12 15:20 html -rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 1397 Nov 16 2021 LICENSE drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001 4096 Feb 12 15:20 man -rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 49 Nov 16 2021 README drwxr-xr-x 9 1001 1001 4096 Feb 12 15:20 src # 查看正向代理模块proxy_connect_rewrite_1018.patch的位置 ll ../ngx_http_proxy_connect_module/patch/ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9849 Feb 9 16:54 proxy_connect_1014.patch -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9697 Feb 9 16:54 proxy_connect.patch -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9408 Feb 9 16:54 proxy_connect_rewrite_1014.patch -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9505 Feb 9 16:54 proxy_connect_rewrite_101504.patch -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9496 Feb 9 16:54 proxy_connect_rewrite_1015.patch -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9553 Feb 9 16:54 proxy_connect_rewrite_1018.patch -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9306 Feb 9 16:54 proxy_connect_rewrite_102101.patch -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9337 Feb 9 16:54 proxy_connect_rewrite.patch # 导入模块 后面为模块路径 patch -p1 < /nginx/ngx_http_proxy_connect_module/patch/proxy_connect_rewrite_1018.patch # 编译 ./configure --add-module=/nginx/ngx_http_proxy_connect_module # 安装，默认安装在/usr/local/nginx/ make && make install # 查看nginx ll /usr/local/nginx/ drwx------ 2 nobody root 4096 Feb 12 15:47 client_body_temp drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 12 15:46 conf drwx------ 2 nobody root 4096 Feb 12 15:47 fastcgi_temp drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 12 15:28 html drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 12 15:47 logs drwx------ 2 nobody root 4096 Feb 12 15:47 proxy_temp drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 12 15:33 sbin drwx------ 2 nobody root 4096 Feb 12 15:47 scgi_temp drwx------ 2 nobody root 4096 Feb 12 15:47 uwsgi_temp
配置正向代理
cd /usr/local/nginx/
#gzip on;下添加
vim conf/nginx.conf
#gzip on;
#正向代理转发http请求
server {
#指定DNS服务器IP地址
resolver 114.114.114.114;
#监听80端口，http默认端口80
listen 80;
#服务器IP或域名
server_name localhost;
#正向代理转发http请求
location / {
proxy_pass http://$host$request_uri;
proxy_set_header HOST $host;
proxy_buffers 256 4k;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 0k;
proxy_connect_timeout 30;
proxy_send_timeout 60;
proxy_read_timeout 60;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_502;
}
}
#正向代理转发https请求
server {
#指定DNS服务器IP地址
resolver 114.114.114.114;
#监听443端口，https默认端口443
listen 443;
#正向代理转发https请求
proxy_connect;
proxy_connect_allow 443 563;
proxy_connect_connect_timeout 10s;
proxy_connect_read_timeout 10s;
proxy_connect_send_timeout 10s;
location / {
proxy_pass http://$host;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
}
}
创建nginx用户
nginx服务以用户nginx身份启动
useradd nginx
检查nginx配置并启动
sbin/nginx -t sbin/nginx
ss -utnlp | grep nginx
tcp LISTEN 0 511 *:443 *:* users:(("nginx",pid=6645,fd=7),("nginx",pid=6644,fd=7))
tcp LISTEN 0 511 *:80 *:* users:(("nginx",pid=6645,fd=6),("nginx",pid=6644,fd=6))
nginx服务所在服务器验证正向代理功能
curl -I http://www.baidu.com/ -v -x 127.0.0.1:80 curl -I https://www.baidu.com/ -v -x 127.0.0.1:443
curl -I http://www.baidu.com/ -v -x 127.0.0.1:80 * About to connect() to proxy 127.0.0.1 port 80 (#0) * Trying 127.0.0.1... * Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 80 (#0) > HEAD http://www.baidu.com/ HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.29.0 > Host: www.baidu.com > Accept: */* > Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive > < HTTP/1.1 200 OK HTTP/1.1 200 OK < Server: nginx/1.20.2 Server: nginx/1.20.2 < Date: Sun, 12 Feb 2023 09:03:40 GMT Date: Sun, 12 Feb 2023 09:03:40 GMT < Content-Type: text/html Content-Type: text/html < Content-Length: 277 Content-Length: 277 < Connection: keep-alive Connection: keep-alive < Accept-Ranges: bytes Accept-Ranges: bytes < Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform < Etag: "575e1f60-115" Etag: "575e1f60-115" < Last-Modified: Mon, 13 Jun 2016 02:50:08 GMT Last-Modified: Mon, 13 Jun 2016 02:50:08 GMT < Pragma: no-cache Pragma: no-cache < * Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact
curl -I https://www.baidu.com/ -v -x 127.0.0.1:443 * About to connect() to proxy 127.0.0.1 port 443 (#0) * Trying 127.0.0.1... * Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 443 (#0) * Establish HTTP proxy tunnel to www.baidu.com:443 > CONNECT www.baidu.com:443 HTTP/1.1 > Host: www.baidu.com:443 > User-Agent: curl/7.29.0 > Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive > < HTTP/1.1 200 Connection Established HTTP/1.1 200 Connection Established < Proxy-agent: nginx Proxy-agent: nginx < * Proxy replied OK to CONNECT request * Initializing NSS with certpath: sql:/etc/pki/nssdb * CAfile: /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt CApath: none * SSL connection using TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 * Server certificate: * subject: CN=baidu.com,O="Beijing Baidu Netcom Science Technology Co., Ltd",OU=service operation department,L=beijing,ST=beijing,C=CN * start date: Jul 05 05:16:02 2022 GMT * expire date: Aug 06 05:16:01 2023 GMT * common name: baidu.com * issuer: CN=GlobalSign RSA OV SSL CA 2018,O=GlobalSign nv-sa,C=BE > HEAD / HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.29.0 > Host: www.baidu.com > Accept: */* > < HTTP/1.1 200 OK HTTP/1.1 200 OK < Accept-Ranges: bytes Accept-Ranges: bytes < Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform < Connection: keep-alive Connection: keep-alive < Content-Length: 277 Content-Length: 277 < Content-Type: text/html Content-Type: text/html < Date: Sun, 12 Feb 2023 09:03:40 GMT Date: Sun, 12 Feb 2023 09:03:40 GMT < Etag: "575e1f60-115" Etag: "575e1f60-115" < Last-Modified: Mon, 13 Jun 2016 02:50:08 GMT Last-Modified: Mon, 13 Jun 2016 02:50:08 GMT < Pragma: no-cache Pragma: no-cache < Server: bfe/1.0.8.18 Server: bfe/1.0.8.18 < * Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact
配置不能访问外网的服务器（即内网服务器）,使其可以访问外网
liunx服务器配置
1.只配置使用yum时，能够使用正向代理访问外网
#追加配置 vim /etc/yum.conf proxy=http://192.168.0.20:80 #nginx正向代理服务器的地址 proxy=ftp://192.168.0.20:80 #nginx正向代理服务器的地址
2.只配置使用wget时，能够使用正向代理访问外网
#追加配置 vim /etc/wgetrc http_proxy=192.168.0.20:80 #nginx正向代理服务器的地址 http_proxy=192.168.0.20:443 #nginx正向代理服务器的地址
3.全局配置，所以访问请求都能够使用正向代理访问外网
#追加配置 vim /etc/profile http_proxy=192.168.0.20:80 https_proxy=192.168.0.20:443 ftp_proxy=192.168.0.20:443 export http_proxy export https_proxy export ftp_proxy # 加载配置 source /etc/profile
windows服务器配置
验证不能访问外网的服务器（即内网服务器）,使用代理上网
curl -I http://www.baidu.com curl -I https://www.baidu.com
curl -I http://www.baidu.com HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.20.2 Date: Sun, 12 Feb 2023 09:31:03 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 277 Connection: keep-alive Accept-Ranges: bytes Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform Etag: "575e1f60-115" Last-Modified: Mon, 13 Jun 2016 02:50:08 GMT Pragma: no-cache
curl -I https://www.baidu.com HTTP/1.1 200 Connection Established Proxy-agent: nginx HTTP/1.1 200 OK Accept-Ranges: bytes Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform Connection: keep-alive Content-Length: 277 Content-Type: text/html Date: Sun, 12 Feb 2023 09:31:07 GMT Etag: "575e1f60-115" Last-Modified: Mon, 13 Jun 2016 02:50:08 GMT Pragma: no-cache Server: bfe/1.0.8.18
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