nginx常用操作命令详解

目录

• 一、常用命令：
• 二、注意要点
• 三、http请求配置

一、常用命令：

//开启服务：
start nginx
直接点击Nginx目录下的nginx.exe 
//停止服务：nginx停止命令stop与quit参数的区别在于stop是快速停止nginx，可能并不保存相关信息，quit是完整有序的停止nginx  ，并保存相关信息。nginx启动与停止命令的效果都可以通过Windows任务管理器中的进程选项卡观察。
nginx -s stop
nginx -s quit
//其他命令重启、关闭nginx
ps -ef | grep nginx
//从容停止Nginx
kill -QUIT 主进程号
//快速停止Nginx
kill -TERM 主进程号
//强制停止Nginx
pkill -9 nginx
//平滑重启nginx：
kill -HUP 主进程号
//重启服务：
nginx -s reload
//检查配置文件是否有语法操作
./nginx -t
//或者显示指定配置文件
./nginx -t -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

二、注意要点

动静分离要点，必须把访问服务器的端口写成nginx监听的端口，这样才能避免跨域
配置参数说明：
nigix做反向代理   
注意  :$proxy_port  与 :$server_port 区别
$server_port ：nigix监听的端口
$proxy_port ： 服务器真正访问的端口
#一般情况都用这个host
proxy_set_header   Host             $host;
#获取到用户真实IP配置
proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

三、http请求配置

1、前后端分离普通配置

server {
    listen       8203;
    location / {
        root   /usr/www/validation-demo/h5-1-advance;
        index  index.html;
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
        if ($request_filename ~* .*\.(?:htm|html)$){
            add_header Cache-Control "private, no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate";
        }
    }
     location /api/ {
        proxy_pass   http://192.168.8.10:5001/;
    }
}

2、增加了HTTPS的前后端分离配置

server {
    listen 443;
    server_name www.huzhihui.com;
    ssl on;
    ssl_certificate   /etc/nginx/cert/5673168_www.huzhihui.com.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key  /etc/nginx/cert/5673168_www.huzhihui.com.key;
    ssl_session_timeout 5m;
    ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!NULL:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!RC4;
    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
    location / {
      root   /alidata/view/eip-home;
      index  index.html;
      try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
      if ($request_filename ~* .*\.(?:htm|html)$){
        add_header Cache-Control "private, no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate";
      }
      expires 7d;
    }
    location /api/ {
      proxy_pass  http://127.0.0.1:56000/;
    }
  }
  server{
    listen 80;
    server_name www.huzhihui.com;
    rewrite  ^/(.*)$ https://www.huzhihui.com/$1 permanent;
  }

3、老项目强制HTTPS POST出现问题的解决方案

server{
    listen 80;
    server_name wx.huzhihui.cn;
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15768000;
    location / {
      if ($request_method ~ ^(POST|DELETE|OPTIONS)$) {
        proxy_pass https://wx.huzhihui.cn;
          break ;
      }
      rewrite ^/(.*)$   https://wx.huzhihui.cn/$1 permanent;
    }
  }

4、普通前后端一起的工程网站部署

upstream web_servers {  
    server localhost:8080;  
    server localhost:8081;  
}  
server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  www.huzhihui.com;
    location / {
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_pass http://web_servers;
    }
    location ~.*\.(js|css)$ {
        root    /opt/static-resources;
        expires     12h;
    }
    location ~.*\.(html|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|gif|ico|mp3|mid|wma|mp4|swf|flv|rar|zip|txt|doc|ppt|xls|pdf)$ {
        root    /opt/static-resources;
        expires     7d;
    }
    error_page  404              /404.html;
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }
}

5、 动静分离+负载均衡配置

upstream web_servers {  
    server localhost:8080;  
    server localhost:8081;  
}  
server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  www.huzhihui.com;
    location / {
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_pass http://web_servers;
    }
    location ~.*\.(js|css)$ {
        root    /opt/static-resources;
        expires     12h;
    }
    location ~.*\.(html|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|gif|ico|mp3|mid|wma|mp4|swf|flv|rar|zip|txt|doc|ppt|xls|pdf)$ {
        root    /opt/static-resources;
        expires     7d;
    }
    error_page  404              /404.html;
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }
}

6、 通用https配置

server {
    listen 443;
    server_name www.huzhihui.com;
    ssl on;
    ssl_certificate   cert-tues/214069203020278.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key  cert-tues/214069203020278.key;
    ssl_session_timeout 5m;
    ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!NULL:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!RC4;
    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9002/;
        proxy_redirect default;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header   Host             $host;
        proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    }
}
server{
    listen 80;
    server_name www.huzhihui.com;
    rewrite  ^/(.*)$ https://server.ourtues.com/$1 permanent;
}

nginx配置